{"id":92,"date":"2014-07-31T13:03:29","date_gmt":"2014-07-31T13:03:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/carnea.cz\/?p=92"},"modified":"2014-07-31T13:03:29","modified_gmt":"2014-07-31T13:03:29","slug":"genetika-barev-ii-dil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/carnea.cz\/?p=92","title":{"rendered":"Genetika barev II. d\u00edl"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ne\u017e se pust\u00edme do vlastn\u00edho popisu \u00c1\u010dkov\u00fdch alel, p\u0159edes\u00edl\u00e1m kr\u00e1tkou pozn\u00e1mku -zbarven\u00ed srsti ur\u010duj\u00ed geny A, B, C, E, P, S, p\u0159\u00edp. Rs (n\u011bkdy t\u00e9\u017e Rn), kter\u00e9 na v\u00fdsledn\u00e9m zbarevn\u00ed spolup\u016fsob\u00ed. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee teprve po vysv\u011btlen\u00ed cel\u00e9 vyjmenovan\u00e9 \u0159ady gen\u016f, se m\u016f\u017eete odv\u00e1\u017en\u011b vrhnout do genetick\u00fdch experiment\u016f :-). Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek je pouze prvn\u00edm krokem k genetick\u00e9 gramotnosti chovatele :-).<\/p>\n

Gen A<\/strong> tzv. aguti faktoru m\u00e1 n\u011bkolik alel:<\/p>\n

1) A<\/strong> – vloha pro aguti\/argente zbarven\u00ed<\/p>\n

2) ar<\/sup><\/strong>– vloha pro solid aguti\/solid argente zbarven\u00ed*<\/p>\n

3) at<\/sup><\/strong>– t\u0159\u00edslov\u00e1 kresba – vloha pro kresbu tan\/fox\/lux*<\/p>\n

4) a <\/strong>– jednobarevn\u00e9 neaguti zv\u00ed\u0159e<\/p>\n

Nejdominantn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch \u010dty\u0159 alel je A, po n\u00ed ar<\/sup>, po n\u00ed at<\/sup>, nejslab\u0161\u00ed vliv m\u00e1 a. Tzn. m\u00e1me-li zv\u00ed\u0159e, je\u017e nese alespo\u0148 jednu vlohu A_ (AA, Aar<\/sup>, Aat<\/sup>, Aa), bude m\u00edt zbarven\u00ed aguti, solid aguti bude v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b kombinace alely ar <\/sup>s kteroukoliv dal\u0161\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b dominantn\u00ed alelou (ar<\/sup>ar<\/sup>, ar<\/sup>at<\/sup>, ar<\/sup>a), t\u0159\u00edslov\u00e1 kresba se projev\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b kombinace at<\/sup>at<\/sup>, at<\/sup>a. ALE POZOR! VZHLEDEM KE SPOLUP\u016eSOBEN\u00cd DAL\u0160\u00cdCH GEN\u016e<\/strong> nen\u00ed situace tak jednoduch\u00e1, jak by se mohlo zd\u00e1t. Klasick\u00e9 zbarven\u00ed divok\u00e9ho mor\u010dete tj. zlat\u00e1 aguti<\/strong> je podm\u00edn\u011bno existenc\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch dominantn\u00edch alel i na ostatn\u00edch genech<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed na barvu srsti vliv. Pokud tato podm\u00ednka nen\u00ed spln\u011bna, pak podle recesivity toho kter\u00e9ho genu, m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt zv\u00ed\u0159e bu\u010f r\u016fzn\u00fd odst\u00edn zbarven\u00ed aguti<\/strong> (nebude zlat\u00e9, ale bude st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9 nebo \u0161ed\u00e9 aguti a to v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee nen\u00ed k dispozici dominant\u00ed alela na genu C, nebo bude oran\u017eov\u00e9 aguti, a to v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee nen\u00ed k dispozici dominantn\u00ed alela na genu B a nebo bude sko\u0159icov\u00e9 nebo kr\u00e9mov\u00e9 aguti, nen\u00ed-li k dispozici dominantn\u00ed alela na genu B a ani na genu C). A abych to je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce zkomplikovala, pak nem\u00e1me-li p\u0159\u00edtomnu dominantn\u00ed alelu na genu E, pak uvid\u00edme zv\u00ed\u0159e strakat\u00e9 (nap\u0159. aguti zlat\u00e9 kombinovan\u00e9 s \u010dervenou) nebo dokonce jen jednobarevn\u00e9 z \u010derveno-\u017elut\u00e9 barevn\u00e9 \u0159ady (nap\u0159. \u010derven\u00e9) a to i p\u0159esto, \u017ee vloha A_ k dispozici je.<\/p>\n

Zcela obdobn\u011b (tedy stejn\u00fdmi geny) jako z\u00e1kladn\u00ed aguti zbarven\u00ed je podm\u00edn\u011bno i solid aguti zbarven\u00ed<\/strong>. Tzn. p\u0159i genotypu, kde m\u00e1me k dispozici v\u0161echny dominantn\u00ed alely – samoz\u0159ejm\u011b krom\u011b A, je\u017e je u solid aguti nahrazeno alelou ar<\/sup>, bude mor\u010de ve zbarven\u00ed solid aguti zlat\u00e9m. Solid aguti \u0161ed\u00e9 a st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9 zbarven\u00ed je pak op\u011bt podm\u00edn\u011bno recesivn\u00edmi alelami na genu C, solid aguti oran\u017eov\u00e9 zbarven\u00ed je podm\u00edn\u011bno recesivn\u00ed alelou na genu B a d\u00e1l bychom mohli pokra\u010dovat p\u0159esn\u011b podle v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho n\u00e1vodu u aguti zbarven\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Aguti zbarven\u00ed se „p\u0159em\u011bn\u00ed“ na argente<\/strong> pouhou zm\u011bnou na jednom z dal\u0161\u00edch gen\u016f – a to na alel\u00e1ch genu P. Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm nejdominantn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm typem argente zbarven\u00ed je argente slate blue zlat\u00e9 mor\u010de, kde obdobn\u011b jako u zlat\u00e9 aguti m\u00e1me k dispozici v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed alely (krom\u011b zmi\u0148ovan\u00e9 P) v jejich dominantn\u00ed podob\u011b. Dal\u0161\u00ed odst\u00edny zbarven\u00ed argente zat\u00edm uv\u00e1d\u011bt nebudu, k tomuto t\u00e9matu se vr\u00e1t\u00edme pozd\u011bji po kompletn\u00edm vysv\u011btlen\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch gen\u016f.<\/p>\n

T\u0159\u00edslov\u00e1 kresba<\/strong> – z\u00e1kladn\u00edm zbarven\u00edm zde, kter\u00e9 je d\u00e1no existenc\u00ed dominantn\u00edch alel na v\u0161ech d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch genech, je tan \u010dern\u00e1. Zesv\u011btlen\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed barvy nebo kresby je pak d\u00e1no recesivn\u00edmi alelami na genech B, C, P. Op\u011bt plat\u00ed jako u v\u0161ech v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch, nem\u00e1me-li p\u0159\u00edtomnu dominantn\u00ed alelu na genu E, pak uvid\u00edme zv\u00ed\u0159e strakat\u00e9 (nap\u0159. \u010dern\u00fd tan kombinovan\u00fd s \u010dervenou) nebo dokonce jen jednobarevn\u00e9 (nap\u0159. \u010derven\u00e9) a to i p\u0159esto, \u017ee vloha at<\/sup>_ k dispozici je.<\/p>\n

Jednobarevn\u00e9 zv\u00ed\u0159e<\/strong> – nejrecesivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed alela z A \u0159ady ozna\u010dovan\u00e1 a p\u0159i kombinaci s dominantn\u00edmi alelami na v\u0161ech dal\u0161\u00edch d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch genech vytvo\u0159\u00ed na zv\u00ed\u0159eti jednobarevn\u00e9 \u010dern\u00e9 zbarven\u00ed. Nahrazov\u00e1n\u00edm dominantn\u00edch alel recesivn\u00edmi se dostaneme v podstat\u011b k cel\u00e9 barevn\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b jednobarevn\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at v \u010derno-hn\u011bd\u00e9 barevn\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b recesivn\u00ed alely na genu E se pak dostaneme op\u011bt ke strak\u00e1\u010d\u016fm nebo jednobarevn\u00fdm zv\u00ed\u0159at\u016fm z \u010derveno-\u017elut\u00e9 barevn\u00e9 \u0159ady.<\/p>\n

Z\u00c1V\u011aR<\/strong> z tohoto pom\u011brn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00e9ho pojedn\u00e1n\u00ed je n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed. M\u00e1me-li na v\u0161ech genech, kter\u00e9 podmi\u0148uj\u00ed zbarven\u00ed mor\u010dat, p\u0159\u00edtomnu alespo\u0148 jednu dominantn\u00ed alelu, m\u00e1me zbarven\u00ed aguti zlat\u00e9. P\u0159i z\u00e1m\u011bn\u011b dominantn\u00edch alel za recesivn\u00ed se dostaneme k cel\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1ly zbarven\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at, a to jak ke zbarven\u00ed jednobarevn\u00e9mu, v\u00edcebarevn\u00e9mu, tak i k r\u016fzn\u00fdm kresb\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

A pro m\u00e1lo unaven\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f:<\/p>\n

AA BB CC EE PP – dominantn\u00ed homozygot na v\u0161ech genech – ve fenotypu zbarven\u00ed zlat\u00e1 aguti, s jak\u00fdmkoliv dal\u0161\u00edm zv\u00ed\u0159etem budou jejich potomci tak\u00e9 pouze ve zbarven\u00ed zlat\u00e1 aguti.<\/p>\n

AA bb CC EE PP – ve fenotypu oran\u017eov\u00e1 aguti, takt\u00e9\u017e homozygot, s takov\u00fdmi jedinci se ale p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 v praktick\u00e9m chovu nesetk\u00e1me, \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou heterozygoti<\/p>\n

Aa bb Ccr Ee PP – tak\u00e9 ve fenotypu oran\u017eov\u00e1 aguti, vloha pro sko\u0159icovou aguti a pro oran\u017eov\u00e1 nonaguti zv\u00ed\u0159ata<\/p>\n

Aat<\/sup> bb Cca Eep Pp – tak\u00e9 ve fenotypu oran\u017eov\u00e1 aguti, vloha pro kresbu tan, pro kresbu himalaya, pro strakat\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata, pro zbarven\u00ed argente<\/p>\n

aa Bb Ccd Eep Pp – ve fenotypu jednobarevn\u00e9 \u010dern\u00e9 zv\u00ed\u0159e, vloha pro \u010dokol\u00e1dovou, lila, buff \u010di kr\u00e9m, pro strakat\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata<\/p>\n

A kdo do\u010detl a\u017e sem, ten se m\u016f\u017ee pochv\u00e1lit :-). P\u0159i nepochopen\u00ed cel\u00e9ho textu net\u0159eba zoufat, p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed d\u00edl bude popisovat B-faktor a v podstat\u011b se oklikou vr\u00e1t\u00edme k tomu, co jsem psala v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku. Trp\u011bliv\u00fdm \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016fm se to postupn\u011b v hlav\u011b urovn\u00e1 :-).<\/p>\n

*A je\u0161t\u011b \u00fapln\u011b nejmen\u0161\u00ed pozn\u00e1me\u010dka nakonec – p\u0159i \u0161mejd\u011bn\u00ed na webech, kde se genetikou tak\u00e9 zaob\u00edraj\u00ed, jsem na\u0161la i pozn\u00e1mku, \u017ee alela pro zbarevn\u00ed solid aguti nen\u00ed dominantn\u00ed v\u016f\u010di alele pro t\u0159\u00edslov\u00e9 kresby (co\u017e uv\u00e1d\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161ina materi\u00e1l\u016f zaob\u00edraj\u00edch se genetikou), ale \u017ee jsou spolu jaksi na rovno, tzn. \u017ee p\u0159i k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed solid aguti zv\u00ed\u0159ete s t\u0159\u00edslov\u00fdm zv\u00ed\u0159etem by se mohlo vy\u0161t\u011bpit aguti zv\u00ed\u0159e s t\u0159\u00edslovu kresbou. Zda je to pravda, ov\u0161em nev\u00edm. Zv\u00ed\u0159at s t\u0159\u00edslovou kresbou je v \u010cesku jak \u0161afr\u00e1nu a solid agu\u0165\u00e1\u010dk\u016f zrovna tolik, tak\u017ee se fakticky prakticky asi jen tak o tomhle poznatku nedozv\u00edme nic:-(. No ale p\u0159esto, pokud by n\u011bkdo takov\u00e9hle k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed uskute\u010dnil, m\u016f\u017ee mi d\u00e1t v\u011bd\u011bt. R\u00e1da zde v\u00fdsledky zve\u0159ejn\u00edm :-).<\/p>\n

A p\u0159ips\u00e1no pod \u010darou o n\u011bkolik let pozd\u011bji :-).\u00a0K tomuto t\u00e9matu se mohu vr\u00e1tit a zcela ho vyjasnit :-). p\u0159i k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed solid aguti zv\u00ed\u0159at a t\u0159\u00edslov\u00fdch kreseb vznikaj\u00ed jedinci na prvn\u00ed pohled ve zbarven\u00ed aguti tzn. s b\u0159i\u0161n\u00edm pruhem a kruhy okolo o\u010d\u00ed, ale jejich vy\u0161t\u011bpen\u00ed je geneticky samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nemo\u017en\u00e9. Vzhledem k obt\u00ed\u017enosti rozli\u0161en\u00ed proto rozhodn\u011b nedoporu\u010duji k\u0159\u00ed\u017eit aguti zv\u00ed\u0159ata, u nich\u017e v\u00edme, \u017ee maj\u00ed vlohu pro solid aguti a zv\u00ed\u0159ata s t\u0159\u00edslovou kresbou. Rozli\u0161en\u00ed opravdov\u00fdch agu\u0165\u00e1k\u016f a solid agu\u0165\u00e1k\u016f s t\u0159\u00edslovou kresbou \u010din\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee i zku\u0161en\u00fdm posuzovatel\u016fm.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ne\u017e se pust\u00edme do vlastn\u00edho popisu \u00c1\u010dkov\u00fdch alel, p\u0159edes\u00edl\u00e1m kr\u00e1tkou pozn\u00e1mku -zbarven\u00ed srsti ur\u010duj\u00ed geny A, B, C, E, P, S, p\u0159\u00edp. Rs (n\u011bkdy t\u00e9\u017e…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-92","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-genetika-barev"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/carnea.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/carnea.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/carnea.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carnea.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carnea.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=92"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/carnea.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":93,"href":"https:\/\/carnea.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92\/revisions\/93"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/carnea.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=92"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carnea.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=92"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carnea.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=92"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}